China experts' consensus on preventive and interceptive orthodontic treatments of malocclusions of children / 华西口腔医学杂志

Malocclusion is one of the three most common oral diseases reported by World Health Organization(WHO). In China, its incidence rate is rising. Malocclusion seriously affects the dental and maxillofacial function, facial appearance and growth development of nearly 260 million children in China, and what is more, it affects their physical and mental health development. Malocclusion occurrence is related to genetic and environmental factors. Early treatment of malocclusion can create a good dental and maxillofacial development environment, correct abnormal growth and control the adverse effects of abnormal genetic factors. It can effectively reduce the prevalence of children's malocclusion and enhance their physical and mental health. This is an urgent need from the economic perspective of our society, so it has great practical and social significance. Experts from the project group "standard diagnose and treatment protocols for early orthodontic intervention of malocclusions of children" which initiated by China National Health Institute of Hospital Administration wrote the "China Experts' Consensus on Preventive and Interceptive Orthodontic Treatments of Malocclusions of Children", which aims to guide and popularize the clinical practice, improve the clinical theory and practice level, and accelerate the disciplinary development of early treatment of children's malocclusion in China. The consensus elaborates the harmfulness of malocclusion and the necessity of early treatment, and brings up the principles and fundamental contents. Based on the law of dental and maxillofacial development, this paper puts forward the guiding suggestions of preventive and interceptive treatments in different stages of dental development ranging from fetus to early permanent dentition. It is a systematic project to promote and standardize the early treatment of malocclusion. Through scientific and comprehensive stratified clinical practice and professional training, the clinical system of early treatment of malocclusion in China will eventually be perfected, so as to comprehensively care for children's dental and maxillofacial health, and improve their oral and physical health in China.

Regulatory effect of compound Coptidis Rhizoma capsule on unbalanced expression of renal tissue TGF-β1/BMP-7 and Smad signaling pathway in rats with early diabetic nephropathy / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of compound Coptidis Rhizoma capsule (CCRC) on unbalanced expression of renal tissue TGF-β1/BMP-7 and Smad signaling pathway in rats with early diabetic nephropathy (DN), and discuss CCRC's effect on DN rats with early diabetic nephropathy and its possible mechanism.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>DN model rats were established by injecting streptozotocin (STZ). The rats were randomly divided into seven groups: the normal group, the model group, the enalapril treatment group, the xiaoke pill treatment group and three CRCC treatment groups. They were orally administered once a day for five weeks. The fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), insulin (Ins), 24 h urinary protein (24 h Upro) and 24 h urinary microalbumin (24 h UmAlb) were tested. The pathological changes in renal tissues were examined by optical microscopy. Immuno- histochemical measures were used to detect the expressions of TGF-β1, BMP-7, Smad2/3, Smad1/5, and Smad7 protein, and RT-PCR was used to detect TGF-β1 mRNA and BMP-7 mRNA in renal tissues.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with model group, BUN, Scr, Ins, 24 h Upro and 24 h UmAlb levels decreased at different degrees in CCRC treatment groups; the abnormal pathomorphology in renal tissue was improved; immunohistochemistry results showed that the expression of TGF-β1 and Smad2/3 were reduced, while the expression of BMP-7, Smad1/5 and Smad7 increased in CRCC treatment groups; the expression of TGF-β1 mRNA were reduced, but the expression of BMP-7 mRNA had no obvious change in CRCC treatment groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CRCC can improve the early renal function, delay the progression of chronic renal pathology and maintain the dynamic balance of TGF-β1/BMP-7 expression in renal tissues of DN rats. The mechanism may be related to down-regulation of renal TGF-β1 and up-regulation of BMP-7 through Smad signaling pathway.</p>

Regulatory effect of berberine on unbalanced expressions of renal tissue TGF-beta1/SnoN and smad signaling pathway in rats with early diabetic nephropathy / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of berberine (BBR) on unbalanced expression of renal tissue TGF-beta1/SnoN and Smad signal pathway in rats with early diabetic nephropathy (DN), and discuss BBR's effect on DN rats with early diabetic nephropathy and its possible mechanism.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>DN rat model were established by injecting streptozotocin (STZ). The rats were divided into six groups: the control group, the model group, three BBR (50, 100, 200 mg x kg(-1)) treatment groups and the enalapril treatment group. They were orally administered once a day for five weeks. The fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), urinary protein (24 h Upro) and urinary microalbumin (24 h UmAlb) were tested. The pathological changes in renal tissues were examined by optical microscopy. Immunohistochemical measures were used to detect the expressions of TGF-beta1, SnoN, Smad2/3 and Smad7 protein, and RT-PCR was used to detect TGF-beta1 mRNA in renal tissues.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with the model group, BBR-treated groups showed significant decrease in FBG, BUN, Scr, 24 h Upro, 24 h UmAlb, TGF-beta1 protein, mRNA and Smad2/3 protein, abnormal morphological improvement in renal tissues, and notable increase in the expressions of SnoN and Smad7 protein.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>BBR can maintain the dynamic balance in TGF-beta1/SnoN expression in renal tissues through Smad signaling pathway, so as to mitigate renal functional disorder in DN rats and delay DN and its development.</p>

Effect of compound Rhizoma Coptidis capsule on expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 and type IV collagen proteins in renal tissue of diabetic rats with nephropathy / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect and mechanism of compound Rhizoma Coptidis capsule (CRCC) on diabetic nephropathy in experimental rats.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The rat model of early diabetic nephropathy was induced by injection of streptozotocin (STZ). The rats were divided into 6 groups: normal control group, model group, 3 CRCC treatment groups and XKW treatment group. The fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), insulin (Ins) and urinary protein (Upro) were tested 30 days later. The expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and type IV collagen (IV-C) proteins and the pathological changes in renal tissue of diabetic rats with nephropathy were observed by optical micrography.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>CRCC could reduce the levels of FBG, BUN, Cr, Upro and the expression of TGF-beta1 and IV-C proteins, and alleviate pathological lesion in renal tissue of diabetic rats with nephropathy.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CRCC may protect the renal function and slow down the progression of diabetic nephropathy in rats by suppressing the expression of TGF-beta1 and IV-C proteins in renal tissue.</p>